Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 of Cell Lines and Substrates Commonly Used to Diagnose and Isolate Influenza and Other Viruses

Co-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other viruses has been reported.We evaluated cell lines commonly used to isolate viruses and diagnose related diseases for their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.Although multiple kidney cell lines from monkeys were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, we found many cell types der

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Ambiguity drives higher-order Pavlovian learning.

In the natural world, stimulus-outcome associations are often ambiguous, and most associations are highly complex and situation-dependent.Learning to disambiguate these complex associations to identify which specific outcomes will occur in which situations is critical for survival.Pavlovian occasion setters are stimuli that determine whether other

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Callus induction on standard type Cymbidium cultivars

Tissue cultured Cymbidium PLBs (protocormlike body) were used as starting material to induce embryogenic callus which could serve as objects of genetic transformation.We obtained callus using two methods.The first method was u11-200ps culturing the PLB segments for one month in liquid MS medium in the presence of 0.5 mg/1 benzyladenine and 0.05 mg/

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